You must have had three to four doses of each of the same shots in order to be current with COVID-19 vaccinations. Current boosters are made from the same formulas use in the original coronavirus. They protect against severe COVID-19, hospitalizations, and deaths. As new and more contagious SARS-CoV-2 variants are developed, the world will need a long-term strategy for boosting immunity.
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I was part of the development teams for the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson SARS/CoV-2 vaccinations. AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly also created monoclonal antibody therapies.
Many people ask me how frequently or infrequently they believe they will require COVID-19 booster shots. It is impossible to predict the SARS-CoV-2 variants or which future vaccine immunity variants will emerge. It is possible to look back at other respiratory viruses that have plagued mankind for a while and predict what the future holds.
One example is the influenza virus. It is consider endemic because it is found in everyone. Officials attempt to predict the best way to give the flu shot to reduce the risk of developing serious illness every year.
SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve and is likely to become an epidemic. In the future, it is possible that people may need booster shots. Scientists will update COVID-19 to allow for newer viruses, much like they did for the flu.
Based on Careful Surveillance. Forecasting Flu Is Possible
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is a model that could be used to track how Influenza virus surveillance might work over time. Flu viruses are responsible for many pandemics, including the 1918 pandemic that killed 50 million people. Every year, flu-like symptoms can be reported. Officials urge people to get flu shots.
The World Health Organization’s Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System estimates the flu strains that will be most prevalent during the Northern Hemisphere flu season every year. Large-scale vaccine production can then initiat base on the chosen flu strains.
Sometimes the vaccine doesn’t match the most common viruses. Unfortunately, the shot doesn’t work well to prevent severe illness. Even though this prediction process is imperfect, flu vaccine research has support from strong viral surveillance systems and a coordinated international effort from public health agencies to prepare.
Although the details of influenza and SARS/CoV-2 viruses are different, I think the COVID-19 community should adopt similar surveillance systems in the long term. By staying current with new strains, researchers will be able to update the SARS/CoV-2 vaccination.
What Has Sars-Cov-2 Achieved So Far
SARS-CoV-2 is currently in an evolutionary quandary as it spreads. Although the virus must be capable of entering human cells through its spike protein, it is also possible for it to change in ways that would allow it to evade vaccine immunity. Vaccines are design to recognize specific spike proteins in your body. The greater the likelihood that the vaccine will fail to protect against the new variant, the higher the protein’s level.
Future Planning
Yes, there may a difference between the SARS-CoV-2 dominant variants and the current omicron Subvariants. It is likely that a booster that is closer to the current omicron-subvariants, and the immunity people already have from the first vaccines, will provide greater protection. It might not need as much booster as the omicron sublineages.
The Food and Drug Administration will meet in the coming weeks to decide what fall boosters should look like and allow manufacturers to make them. Moderna, a vaccine manufacturer, is currently testing booster candidates on humans to evaluate their immune response to the new variants. The test results could determine which vaccine will use in preparation for a winter surge, or fall.
One option is to modify the vaccine booster strategy in order to include universal coronavirus vaccine strategies. Animal research has shown promising results. Researchers are working on a universal vaccine that could use against all strains. Some researchers are working on chimeric surges, which combine different coronaviruses to create one vaccine.
This will increase protective immunity. Nanoparticle vaccinations are also being use by researchers to ensure that the immune system is focuse on the most sensitive parts of the coronavirus spike.
